Poultry manure is one of the most commonly used organic fertilizers in Iranian pistachio orchards. However, relying on it continuously is not always the best management practice. To maintain soil balance, it is recommended to alternate poultry manure with other organic manures, such as cattle or sheep manure, every 3 to 5 years Because poultry manure contains high levels of nitrogen, excessive application—especially in young orchards—can lead to growth imbalances …

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If you missed the winter fertilization period, selecting a fertilizer with rapid nutrient availability becomes especially important. Vermicompost is one of the most valuable organic fertilizers available. Produced through the decomposition of organic materials by earthworms, it is significantly richer in nutrients than many traditional organic fertilizers. Vermicompost enhances nutrient availability, promotes stronger root development, and improves overall tree performance, making it a popular choice as a supplemental fertilizer in …

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Green manure is an effective and sustainable way to improve soil fertility in pistachio orchards. However, it is important to note that its nutrient value is generally lower than that of animal manure. In fact, approximately 2.5 kilograms of green manure provide a nutritional effect similar to 1 kilogram of animal manure. Despite this difference, green manure can gradually supply nutrients—especially nitrogen—as it decomposes in the soil. It also improves …

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